Furthermore, in vitro co-culture of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorted KCs from Clec4fcreId3f/f mice and Id3f/f (wild-type) littermates with or without KPC cells showed that tumour cells induced high expression by KCs of CCL3, CCL4 and IL-18 in an ID3-dependent manner and, to a lesser extent, of CCL5, IL-15 and IL-12 (Extended Data Fig. 6i). This evidence concerns the gene CCL4 and neoplasm.