DSG2 and Moyamoya disease: In this study, we also found abnormalities in endothelial cell apoptosis in the STA of Moyamoya disease, overexpression of DSG2 inhibits apoptosis and inhibits the expression of the pro-apoptotic transcription factor GADD153, DSG2 knockdown promotes apoptosis of HUVECs and enhances the expression of GADD153, a cellular stress–induced transcription factor, which is thought to play a role in the signal transduction from stress endoplasmic reticulum and cerebral ischemic stress to apoptosis, and is closely related to apoptosis [24, 25].