To delineate how the AR-FUT4 axis regulates cellular signaling in melanoma, we generated empty vector (EV) control or FUT4-overexpressing (FUT4-OE) melanoma cell lines, which were validated for ectopic expression, specific FUT4 fucosylation activity (using anti-CD15, which recognizes FUT4-synthesized Lewisx carbohydrate epitopes25,26,32,33), and lack of off-target effect on the expression of other FUTs (Supplementary Fig. 3a-c). This evidence concerns the gene AR and melanoma.