According to the reports submitted to WHO, the impact of hepatitis B vaccination on the control of mother-to-child transmission has been demonstrated in several countries of the WHO European Region with historically intermediate and high hepatitis B endemicity, like Republic of Moldova, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan.23 29 We also did not find any HBsAg positive cases among those 70 years and older, while the percentage positive for anti-HBc was the highest in this group. The gene discussed is PPIB; the disease is hepatitis A virus infection.