PD patients often have a lower body mass index (BMI) compared to healthy controls, attributed to factors like dyskinesias, changes in eating habits, medication effects, and prolonged meal ingestion leading to lower energy intake.52Studies have explored physiological changes, such as altered levels of leptin, insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1), and thyroid-stimulating hormone in PD patients with weight loss.53Weight loss in PD is multifactorial and may occur before or throughout the disease stages. This evidence concerns the gene LEP and Parkinson disease.