Furthermore, TGF-beta also contributes to protection against influenza in allergic airway diseased mice (Carlson et al., 2010; Li et al., 2015; Rich et al., 2020) and has been shown to reduce IFN signaling (Bedke et al., 2012; Furuya et al., 2015; Denney et al., 2018). Here, IFNA1 is linked to influenza.