AKT1 and glioma: This might indeed be a consequence of Chokα action directly but also due to further metabolic conversion of the end product of the choline pathway, PC, as shown in glioma development [60], into phosphatidic acid (PA), known as an inducer of several Ras signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT and ERK-MAPK signaling [21, 54].