Macrophages play a key role in both the destructive and reparative phases of periodontal disease [18, 19], as they differentiate into M1-type during the early stages of periodontitis and secrete high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ [20, 21]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and periodontitis.