Adiponectin, a major metabolism-regulating hormone with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties mainly released by visceral fat, has been extensively investigated in the published literature in relation to sleep deprivation and sleep disturbances. Specifically, a large body of evidence supports a decrease in circulating adiponectin concentrations in patients with OSA regardless of overweight status and obesity [16]. Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.