Macrophages (Mφ), as a natural immune cell, differentiate into two phenotypes, including the M1 phenotype activated by TLR ligands to secrete proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β, or the M2 phenotype activated by interferon or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to secrete the anti-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-10 (143), and respond to immune responses in the AD microenvironment under different activation states. Here, IL10 is linked to Alzheimer disease.