During catabolic conditions, such as fasting and type 1 diabetes mellitus, the high levels of glucocorticoids associated with low levels of circulating insulin drive the activation of muscle proteolysis by UPS and ALS in order to support liver gluconeogenesis and the energy requirements of the organism (Hu et al., 2009; Graça et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.