Interestingly, melittin treatment could reverse the LPS-primed activation of JNK and NF-κB in Raw 264.7 cells (a murine macrophage line), and the effects above were abolished by a JNK inhibitor (143), suggesting that the properties of melittin on anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritis were involved in regulating JNK signaling pathways. Here, MAPK8 is linked to arthritic joint disease.