TNF and stroke disorder: Peripheral immune changes during RIPC-mediated neuroprotection against stroke mainly included suppression of T-cell (CD3+ CD8+) exudation, blocking the reduction of NKT cells (CD3+/CD161a+), reversal of the reduced B-cell population, and elevation of noninflammatory monocytes, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor α(TNFα).