This cascade of events leads to the upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP2), which acts to prevent breakdown of the extracellular matrix, and inactivation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), a zinc-dependent endopeptidase that acts to promote cancer progression by facilitating tumor to form metastases, and the regulation of TIMP2 and MMP2 contributes to the inhibition of bladder cancer invasion (100). Here, TIMP2 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.