Comparison of cultured microglia, astrocytes and neurones revealed that the lipoxygenase genes that were prominently elevated in ALS (namely ALOX5, ALOX5AP, and ALOX15; Fig. 1i; Supplementary Fig. 3b) were highly enriched in microglia (Fig. 2g) and increased in response to RSL3 treatment in microglia but not astrocytes, an effect mitigated by liproxstatin-1 (Fig. 2h; Supplementary Fig. 5e, f). Here, ALOX5 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.