More importantly, this paper demonstrated that the activated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway could relieve the lung injury in COPD mice and suppress the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and GSDMD-N and the release of proinflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-6) in COPD mouse model and cell model. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.