A recent study conducted in over 350 Vietnamese patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from four hospitals revealed the presence of EGFR mutations in 35% of cases, KRAS mutations in 23%, ALK rearrangements in 7%, ROS1 rearrangements in 3%, BRAF mutations in 2%, and NRAS mutations in 0.6% [6]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.