TWIST1 and neoplasm: We found that compared with the control cells, either sunitinib-resistant or Twist-overexpressing cells can activate the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, inhibit GSK-3β activity, upregulate the expression level of snail, reduce the expression of E-cadherin, and promote the occurrence of EMT and tumour metastasis, similar to both sunitinib resistance and Twist overexpression (Figs. 6 and 7).