The basis for this hypothesis is based on several observations: (1) Cl− channel blockers or L-type Ca2+ channels blockers inhibit slow waves and tone recorded in IAS tissue18; (2) TMEM16A mRNA level is higher in isolated ICC than in other IAS cells17, and (3) spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in ICC are inhibited by a TMEM16A blocker19. The gene discussed is ANO1; the disease is intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.