PSMD1 and COVID-19: In August 2023, the two licensed mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines BNT162b2 (BioNTech/Pfizer)10 and mRNA-1273 (Moderna)11, both of which encode a modified full-length SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein designed to stabilize the prefusion conformation, account for 90% of administered doses in the European Union and the United States12.