SERPINE1 and chronic kidney disease: In cases of aging-induced chronic senescence, IL-6, and PAI-1 contribute to chronic tissue damage and organ dysfunction [16], In CKD, the SASP predominantly consists of IL-1, 4, 6, 18, TGF-β, TNF-α, MMP-2, and PAI-1, which contribute to renal inflammation and fibrosis, thereby accelerating the deterioration of renal function [17].