IL15 and neoplasm: By using an anti-mouse PD-1 antibody and mouse IL-15 mutein (blunted IL-15 receptor binding affinity) fusion protein surrogate, αmPD1-mIL15m, we have previously demonstrated that PD-1 anchoring of an IL-15 mutein rendered potent activity on intratumoral CD8+ with enhanced anti-tumor immune response in mouse tumor models without causing body weight loss, an indicator of systemic toxicity [21].