Regarding intestinal dysfunction markers (Fig. 1A–F), both groups of patients with obesity showed higher circulating levels of LPB (P < 0.01), lactoferrin (P < 0.05 for OB-NG and P < 0.01 for OB-T2D) and S100A8 (P < 0.01). The gene discussed is S100A8; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.