Table 1 presents the demographic information, laboratory data, and medication details of these participants. Compared to the non-LN group, the LN group exhibited significantly higher levels of BUN (p < 0.001), Cr (p = 0.005), CysC (p < 0.001), urine anti-dsDNA antibody (p < 0.001), SLEDAI-2000 score (p < 0.001), as well as lower levels of C3 (p = 0.002), C4 (p = 0.026), and C1q (p = 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference in serum ANA titer and anti-dsDNA antibody level between the two groups (p = 0.859, p = 0.302 respectively). Here, C4A is linked to lobular neoplasia.