Decreases in SCFA levels, especially butyrate and propionate, are common in IBD, particularly during disease flare, and this is associated with lower SCFA-producing bacteria in the gut.77,78 Continued research is needed to uncover how the balance between SCFA levels differentially impacts each IFN family, and how this process could be manipulated in disease settings and infection. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.