IL1A and anemia: Several factors related to preload, afterload, uremic toxins, interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), carnitine deficiency, parathyroid hormone imbalance, high FGF-23, reduced serum Klotho, high circulating phosphate, volume overload, anemia, increased hepcidin, erythropoietin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction bring about these unfavorable nonatherosclerotic changes to the cardiac myocardium.