NFKB1 and Cachexia: Therefore, grape seed flour emerges as an intervention in cachexia due to the potential demonstrated in the preclinical setting that its polyphenols can reduce oxidative stress (40) and inflammation (39), counteracting muscle breakdown by inhibition of NF-κB and atrogin-1 expression (41, 170), as well as averting mitochondrial dysfunction (40, 171, 172).