VCAM1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: In a recent study, a prospective urine analysis of 10 protein markers standardized to urine creatinine, namely, ALCAM, cystatin-C, hemopexin, KIM-1, MCP-1, NGAL, PF-4, Timp-1, TWEAK, and VCAM-1 by ELISA, was conducted on 84 pediatric patients who met ≥4 ACR criteria for SLE.