The role of adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of MASLD-HCC has also been revealed, showing that IgA+ plasma cells accumulate in MASH fibrosis and lead to MASLD-HCC by inhibiting CD8+ T cells via IL-10 and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (Shalapour et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and hepatocellular carcinoma.