IL4 and Sepsis: In observational studies, multiple cytokines have been found to be associated with the prognosis of sepsis, including both pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-γ, and MIF, as well as cytokines that suppress inflammation, such as IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-4 (Chaudhry et al., 2013; Chousterman, Swirski & Weber, 2017; Wang, Zhao & Wang, 2018).