This conclusion is consistent with the LASSO regression screening of six characteristic variables: blood cholesterol, triglycerides, serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose, NT-proBNP and LVEF, and with the SHAP method suggesting that blood cholesterol, serum creatinine, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, NT-proBNP and LVEF are all important factors affecting the occurrence of heart failure. Here, NPPB is linked to heart failure.