What’s more, in human AF cells co-cultured with macrophages or motivated with TNF-α, Zhang K. et al. (2016) discovered that the p38 MAPK chemical inhibitor SB202190 significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins, suggesting that p38 MAPK blockage may be beneficial in the therapy of IDD. Here, TNF is linked to intervertebral disk degenerative disorder.