A longitudinal study of extremely low birth weight (<1,000 g) measured cytokines at days 1, 3, 14, and 21 after birth and found that IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-18, TGF-β, and TNF-α levels differed among infants who developed fungal or bacterial LOS compared with those who never developed sepsis (22). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Sepsis.