A large cohort with different genetic backgrounds and a multicentre study would also be useful in confirming the differential roles of IL-36α, β, γ during the development of HCC and for exploring the potential role of these three subsets in the design of personalised precision medicine approaches to boost outcomes for HCC patients, particularly for patients in the advanced stage who are currently only provided palliative care (31). This evidence concerns the gene IL36A and hepatocellular carcinoma.