In a prospective observational study examining the association of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNFR1), FGF-21, endocan, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), and renal outcomes in patients with or without clinical signs of DKD, both sTNFR1 and FGF-21 levels in patients with T2DM were linked to renal outcomes. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and type 2 diabetes mellitus.