Moreover, the cardiac fibroblasts were not from the TAC-operated mice, but were treated with TGFβ to activate them, so the in vitro experiments do not exactly mimic atrial remodeling with the stress induced by TAC in vivo, and using atrial fibroblasts isolated from TAC-operated mice would be the optimal option. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and persistent truncus arteriosus.