To evaluate the role of mFKN and sFKN on microglia cell densities and activation during diabetes, retinal tissues were stained and imaged to analyze Iba1+ microglia cell (Fig. 2A) in different stages of morphological activation, where a high transformation index (TI) value represents homeostatic, ramified microglia, and a low TI represents ameboid, activated microglia. This evidence concerns the gene AIF1 and diabetes mellitus.