TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: IFN-γ and TNF-α levels in EVs from SLE patients are much greater than in healthy people, which raises the possibility that these levels could be employed as new diagnostic markers.471 It has also been found that blood-derived plasmacytoid dendritic cells and myeloid dendritic cells show increased expression of costimulatory surface molecules and proinflammatory cytokines, such as MHC-I, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ.472 In RA, irreversible tissue damage (cartilage erosion) is thought to be caused by synovial fibroblasts secreting a variety of matrix-degrading enzymes.