Notably, EVs carry high levels of program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and oncogenic receptors, contributing to disease progression, angiogenesis, and tumor growth.58,59 Therefore, analyzing EVs and their molecular contents, including lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, holds great promise for understanding disease mechanisms, developing diagnostic tools, and exploring therapeutic targets. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.