TGFB1 and prostate cancer: High CD151 expression is associated with a poor prognosis.247–249 Additionally, EVs carrying Sema3A on their surface contribute to elevated brain endothelial permeability in vitro and increased vascular permeability in vivo.250 TDEVs released by prostate cancer and mesothelioma cell lines express transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), which induces the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts by activating the TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway.251