The complete analysis and screening of urinary EVs revealed that the glycoproteins LG3BP, PIGR, and KNG1 were highly elevated in these EVs obtained from the urine of HCC patients, but ASPP2 was dramatically reduced in these EVs.222 SMAD3, one of the molecules involved in HCC metastasis, also offers diagnostic potential for HCC, discriminating HCC from healthy to benign hepatoma223. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and hepatocellular carcinoma.