HLA-G and breast carcinoma: According to a recent study, aberrantly activated cytokine signaling boosted HLA-G and PD-L1 expression to impair NK cells cytotoxicity, leading to trastuzumab resistance, whereby the immense therapeutic potential of HLA-G-blocking antibody combined with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer patients was indicated [158].