INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Compared with equimolar doses of other well-characterised weight loss drugs, including metformin (MEF) and liraglutide (LIR), treatment with artesunate showed superior potencies in terms of body weight regulation (Fig. S4A, B), food intake control (Fig. S4C), insulin sensitisation (Fig S4D–H), adiposity reduction (Fig. S5A–C), reduction of cholesterol levels in serum (Fig. S5D–G), and alleviation of hepatic steatosis (Fig. S6A–F) in mice with diet-induced obesity.