VEGFA and colorectal carcinoma: Oxaliplatin was previously demonstrated to increase the calreticulin and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) levels in the murine and human CRC cell lines and corresponding immunogenic cell death (ICD) via apoptosis activation.104 Furthermore, oxaliplatin resulted in ICD, activation in dendritic cells and cytotoxic T cells in a murine lung carcinoma model.105 These immune effects could be amplified by blocking the VEGF pathway via bevacizumab.106,107 Therefore, recent studies tested the benefit of ICIs with 5-FU + oxaliplatin and bevacizumab backbones.