Stimulation by the mixture of palmitic acid and oleic acid (P/O), LPS, and TGF-β1 was used to mimic alcohol-induced steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, and Akr1a1 expression was knocked down by infection with a shRNA lentivirus targeting the Akr1a1 gene (Fig. 6). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is infection.