TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: New findings suggest that the BCG vaccine might induce trained immunity centrally by imprinting myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow and subsequently releasing trained monocytes into the bloodstream.[22] In the current study, monocytes isolated from the spleens or bone marrows of BCG‐treated mice had heightened responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment and produced higher levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α compared to those cells obtained from untreated HCC mice.