IFNG and cancer: Another pathway notably changed in response to BCG treatment is the IFN‐γ response signaling pathway, which has a known role in killing cancer cells (Figure 5B).[19] This is consistent with the involvement of IFN‐γ in the effects of BCG for treating bladder cancer.[20] Further gene profile analysis revealed that BCG induced the expression of most of the IFN‐γ signaling genes, as depicted in Figure 5C.