PDCD1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the Programmed Cell Death Protein 1(PD1)/Programmed Death‐Ligand 1 (PD‐L1) pathway, such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, have been used to treat advanced HCC.[14] The treatment efficacy of BCG was compared to that of anti‐PD‐1 using the same regimen frequently used in animal models.[15] The dosing timeline is illustrated in Figure 3A.