The nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) plays a crucial role in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis[21, 22, 23] and emerges as a significant obstacle to be surmounted in the context of PDT.[24, 25, 26] Our investigation unveils a heightened expression of NRF2 in CCA, and PDT stimulation further amplifies NRF2 activity, substantially blunting the oxidative damage evoked by PDT. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and cholangiocarcinoma.