PTEN and melanoma: To induce melanomas, isolated fibroblasts of genotype either α-SMA-CreERT2; Yap1loxP/loxP (YAP1 group) or α-SMA-CreERT2; Yap1 (control group) were mixed with oncogenic D4M melanoma cells, which carry the BrafV600E activating mutation and are PTEN-deficient, and injected intradermally into the flanks of recipient mice of the same genotype as CAFs (Fig. 1A).