To further determine whether RNase1-mediated macrophage polarization has a critical impact on anti-PD-1 therapy for HCC in vivo, we generated stable RNase1-deficient Hepa1-6 cells (Hepa1-6/sgRNase1) (Fig. 3f) and compared the response to treatment with αPD-1 between control Hepa1-6 wild-type (Hepa1-6/sgCtrl) and Hepa1-6/sgRNase1 cells using the same treatment schedule (Fig. 3g). Here, RNASE1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.