Given that ALK blockade polarized RNase1-treated macrophages toward an M1-like phenotype (Fig. 4i–k) and RNase1 upregulated PD-L1 in HCC cells (Supplementary Fig. 2j), we asked whether combined treatment with an ALKi and αPD-1 can control cancer cells in vivo in the context of a complex TME. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and cancer.