A subgroup of 58 cases of CM, 61 cases of severe non-cerebral malaria and 25 uncomplicated cases of malaria, for which serum was available, was evaluated for HP, HPX, total heme (i.e., HB-bound heme plus heme bound to other serum proteins and macromolecules), HB-bound heme and labile heme (i.e., fraction of total heme bound to serum proteins and macromolecules other than HB; Total heme - HB-bound heme) concentration in serum (Table 1; Fig 1A and B). This evidence concerns the gene HP and malaria.