This intervention reverses the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduces the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the prefrontal cortex of mice subjected to CUMS-induced depression.[80] These findings suggest that the antidepressant effects of ferulic acid are mediated through anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the CUMS-induced mouse model. Here, TNF is linked to depressive symptom measurement.