TLR4 and Obesity: At the same time, SAL B can reduce the abundance of cyanobacteria at the phylum level and increase the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio at the genus level, which is one of the biomarkers of obesity and type 1 diabetes.[95] Studies have also found that Sal B can down-regulate TLR4 and myoid differential factor-88, attenuating weight gain and insulin resistance by regulating GM abundance and the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway in obese mice[96] (Fig. 1D).