TGFB1 and cancer: Furthermore, LAG-3 has been observed to be co-expressed with PD-1 in exhausted or dysfunctional T cells in humantumors like ovarian cancer and melanoma.100,107 Additionally, LAG-3 signaling can promote Treg populations through the release of immunosuppressive cytokines like transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and IL-10.104 Collectively, the growing body of data suggests that LAG-3 upregulation is associated with primary and acquired resistance in different cancer conditions.104,108