Likewise, targeting colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1 R), which regulates monocyte migration, proliferation, and differentiation into TAMs, has been shown to reduce TAM populations (Figure 2g).190 The safety and efficacy of axatilimab, an anti-CSF1-R antibody, in combination with nivolumab in patients with refractory/relapsed classical Hodgkin lymphoma is the subject of an ongoing phase 2 trial (NCT05723055, Table 1). The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is classic Hodgkin lymphoma.