PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Furthermore, TIM-3 expression was higher in the relapsed NSCLC patients when compared to those who were not treated with ICIs.110 Additionally, clinical data support that TIM-3 is universally co-expressed with PD-1 in TILs, enabling a more exhausted T cell phenotype.100,112 Indeed, a study associated the co-expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 with acquired resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in NSCLC patients.109